判断题一直都是一种“看起来都懂,做起来老错,正确率堪比抽奖”的题型,今天我们就来看看判断题中的经典问题—false和not given如何区分,以及在新形势下,判断题的一些经典陷阱。
首先针对false和not given如何区分的问题,我们来看一下官方给出的解释。
也就是说,如果要判定为false,必须要满足的特征就是:矛盾点,即原文信息与题干信息无法同时成立,如无明显矛盾点或者原文和题目明显是无关信息,则应该倾向于选not given。
让我们来看一个例子更好地区分一下
原文:As a student at the City of London School, Perkinbecame immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion was perceived by his teacher,Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday.
题目:Michael Faraday was the first person to recognize Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.
由文章可知,是Thomas发现了perkin的才能后,才推荐他去听了Michael的讲座,所以Michael不是di一个发现perkin的化学才能的人,因此题目答案为False。但单靠这句话我们无法得知Thomas是不是di一个发现perkin天赋的人,所以如果题目问Thomas Hall was the first person to recognize Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry. 我们不能确定,这时候就应该选not given。
在明确了基本的判定依据之后,我们来看几道题目
1. plenty of studies have sounded alarm bells about the state of marine debris, also known as ocean trash; in a recent paper published in the journal Ecology, Rochman and her colleagues set out to determine how many of those perceived risks are real.
Q: Rochman and her colleagues were the first people to research the problem of marine debris.
解析:此题答案为F,因为原文说已经有很多研究警示了海洋垃圾的状况,Rochman和她的同事只是准备研究下这些风险是否都是真实的,由此可推出,Rochman和她的同事并不是di一个做这个研究的人。
2. A study could show that certain seabirds eat plastic bags, and go on to warn that whole bird populations are at risk of dying out.
Q: The creature most in danger from ocean trash are certain seabirds.
解析:此题答案为not given,因为原文只讲海鸟濒临灭绝,但不能确定海鸟是最濒危的物种。
3. Strikingly, Rochman says, only one well designed study failed to find the effect it was looking for, an investigation of mussels ingesting microscopic plastic bits.
Q: one study examined by Rochman was expecting to find that mussels were harmed by eating plastic.
解析:此题答案为true, 此题为典型陷阱题,文章说只有一个研究没有找到mussels吃垃圾的影响,且这个影响是这个研究正在寻找的,所以这个研究是想要找到mussels吃垃圾所造成的影响的。与题目的expecting to find(想要找到)一致。
由以上几个题目也可以看出,判断题之所以不容易做对,首先在于考察点极细,有时候题目多个单词,答案就完全不一样了,这就要求我们不管在读题还是在阅读考点句时,不能囫囵吞枣,免得落入陷阱,现在已经不是随便对照几个单词,就能蒙对判断题的年代了。其次,阅读顺序有时也会对答案产生影响,我们都是从题目去定位文章考点句,但是在判断时,一定要弄清原文给出的信息是什么,能不能推出题目这个结论,切忌题目文章混淆,弄反推导方向。最后,判断题需要经验辅助,希望各位考生能多练习总结,理清判断思路,找到判断感觉。
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