动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,动词可以按照含义和句法作用分为四类:行为动词(Notional Verbs)、系动词(Link Verbs)、助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)和情态动词(Modal Verbs)。英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数(一般现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词: 规则动词的变化形式如下: (1) 规则动词的第三人称单数变化① 一般情况下,直接在动词词尾+ s: help—helps get—gets take—takes play—plays ② 以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾的动词,在词尾+ es: guess—guesses fix—fixes finish—finishes teach—teaches go—goes do—does ③ 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词,先把y变为i,再加es: study—studies
try—tries carry—carries worry—worries ④ 不规则动词(特殊情况),如: have—has be—is (2) 规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化 ① 对于大部分动词,过去式和过去分词直接在词尾加-ed: work—worked—worked play—played—played want—wanted—wanted act—acted—acted
② 动词原形以(不发音的)-e结尾,过去式和过去分词在词尾加-d: live—lived—lived move—moved—moved taste—tasted—tasted hope—hoped—hoped ③ 动词原形以“辅元辅”结尾,过去式和过去分词要先双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed(字母组合除外): stop—stopped—stopped beg—begged—begged plan—planned—planned permit—permitted—permtted 注: 动词原形词尾以“元音+l,r”,并为重读音节时,双写l,r,再加-ed, 如:compelled,travelled,preferred, referred ④ 动词原形以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,过去式和过去分词要把-y变为-i 再加-ed: study—studied—studied copy—copied—copied cry—cried—cried carry—carried—carried 注: 动词原形以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed,如:play—played, enjoy— enjoyed (3) 规则动词的现在分词变化 ① 一般情况下,直接在动词词尾加+ing: work—workingsleep—sleeping buy—buying study—studying ② 以不发音的e结尾的动词,现在分词去e+ing: dance—dancing move—moving smoke-smoking write—writing ③ 重读闭音节,以一个元音+一个辅音结尾的动词,现在分词要双写这个辅音字母+ing: stop—stopping begin—beginning cut—cutting sit—sitting ④ 以ie结尾的动词,现在分词要变ie为y+ing: lie—lying tie—tying die—dying vie—vying