我们先来看例句: a. I likeEnglish. 这句的意思是“我喜欢英文”,否定该句时,不能因为中文说“不喜欢”而说成not like: I not likeEnglish.* 而是要找助动词do来帮忙,在do后面加not说成do not like或don't like: b. I do not like English./I don't likeEnglish. 有下面两点值得注意: 1助动词do因时态及人称不同而改变 根据时态和人称不同,这里的助动词可能是do、does或did,详见下表: 从上表得知,对于Do型句子,在助动词do/does/did后面加not且把谓语动词变成原形即构成否定句,把do/does/did提到句首且把谓语动词变成原形即构成疑问句。 2助动词do/does/did与实义动词do/does/did
请比较: a. I likeEnglish. a1. I do not likeEnglish. b. I domy homework at home. 在a1句中,do是助动词,帮助构成否定do not like。在b句中,do是实义动词,作用相当于a句中的like,独立作谓语。因此,否定时依然借助于do not,说成: b1. I do not domy homework at home. 不能遗漏实义动词do说成: I do notmy homework at home.* 列表总结和比较如下:对于does、did是同样的道理,请比较: 1a. He likesEnglish. a1. He does not likeEnglish. b. He doeshis homework at home. 在a1句中,does是助动词,帮助构成否定does not like。在b句中,does是实义动词,相当于a句中的likes,独立作谓语。因此,否定时依然借助于does not,并把原来的does还原成动词原形do,说成:
b1. He does not dohis homework at home. 不能遗漏实义动词do说成: He does nothis homework at home.助动词does与实义动词does的比较 2a. He likedEnglish. a1. He did not likeEnglish. b. He didhis homework at home. 在a1句中,did是助动词,帮助构成否定did not like。在b句中,did是实义动词,相当于a句中的liked,独立作谓语。因此,否定时依然借助于did not,而把原来的did还原成动词原形do,说成: b1. He did not dohis homework at home. 不能遗漏了实义动词do说成: He did nothis homework at home.